Amadayimane angase abe umngane omkhulu wentombazane, kodwa akuwona kuphela umngane.Uma kukhulunywa ngebhokisi lobucwebe bemvelo, leyo khabhoni engenambala imane nje iyisihloko se-iceberg.Amatshe ayigugu afika ngemibala nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngokuvamile ashibhile kunezinketho ezaziwa kakhulu.
“Amagugu akumele abe mahle,” kusho isazi samagugu esineziqu, isishisekeli samagugu kanye neLas Vegan yendawo uHeidi Sarno Straus.Uthando lwakhe namagugu lwaqala eneminyaka engu-5, lapho ethola indandatho enendandatho yengilazi efana nedayimane.Uzoyigqoka yonke indawo.U-Straus uthi ungenza isitatimende esinomthelela ophezulu ofanayo ngendandatho enkulu ye-cocktail enamatshe ayigugu.“Akudingeki ukuthi kubize ingalo eyodwa nomlenze owodwa,” kusho uStrauss.â€?Ungaba muhle ngaphandle kokusangana.
Uhlobo olulodwa??i-carat.Isisindo setshe.Ngokusho kwe-GIA, i-carat eyodwa (amagremu angu-0.2) inesisindo esifanayo nesiqeshana sephepha.
Uhlobo olulodwa??ukusika.Itshe lemvelo lingasikwa libe yizimo eziningi ezahlukene, njengobuhlalu, amaphilisi, ama-inlay nama-cabochons.
Uhlobo olulodwa??i-matrix.Amatshe azungeze amagugu.Kungase kubukeke “njengomthambo” etsheni eliyigugu, njengaku-turquoise.
Uhlobo olulodwa??Ubulukhuni bukaMoh.Ukuqina noma ukuqina kwamaminerali kungu-1-10 kuleli zinga, itshe eliqinile (idayimane) liyi-10 kanye netshe elithambile (talc) libe ngu-1. Liqanjwe nge-geologist uFriedrich Mohs.
Inganekwane ithi amatshe ayigugu athile anamandla akhethekile, anikeza amandla, uthando noma impilo kumuntu ongumnikazi wawo.Ngeke sasho ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela, kodwa sifuna ukukukholelwa.“Lapho ngigqoka amagugu, ngihlale ngizizwa ngingcono ngokomzimba kunangaphambili,” kusho uStrauss.kwazi bani?
Kunezizathu zesayensi zokuthi kungani amagugu emangalisa.Uhlobo ngalunye lwamatshe lubukeka lucwebezela, lunemibala egqamile, futhi lukhazimulayo, ngoba isayensi yokwakheka komhlaba eyinkimbinkimbi, amakhemikhali, nezimo ezinembile ziwenza akheke, ngokuvamile okuthatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka noma izigidigidi zeminyaka.Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwe-Gemological Institute of America (GIA), amanye amasampula e-olivine e-olivine eluhlaza okotshani aluhlaza afinyelela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.5 futhi afinyelela emhlabeni njengengxenye yama-meteorite.
Ukuze wazise ngokugcwele umgexo olengayo, sicela uzinike isikhathi sokutadisha ukwakheka kwamatshe awo.Uma kungekho okunye, uzoba nempendulo eyingqayizivele ezincomo ezizayo.
I-turquoise enqunywe ngokuvamile iyisicaba futhi iyindilinga, njengama-wafers e-vanilla.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-garnet inqunywa ibe ama-noodle amancane.Kungani ubucwebe bakha amagugu ngendlela ehluke kangaka?isayensi!
Amagugu angamaminerali anesakhiwo esithile sekristalu esikhula emhlabeni ngokuya ngamakhemikhali awo.Itshe kufanele lisikwe ngokwesakhiwo salo.Inhloso yokusika amagugu ukuthuthukisa umbala."Lokhu kumayelana nokukhanya okungena nokuphuma etsheni," kusho uStrauss.zisikwa itshe zibe yikristalu isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke, ukuze ube nalowo mbala odumile.
1. I-Alexandrite: Itholakala eRussia, leli tshe eliyigugu liyahlukahluka phakathi kokubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye ngomthombo wokukhanya.
Akudingeki uphelelwe imali ukuze ube nobukhosi bendalo.Kunamatshe ayigugu amaningi anombala anenani elifanele, kusho uStrauss.Weluleka abantu ukuthi babheke isondo lombala ukuze bathole ugqozi.Isibonelo, uma uthanda ophuzi nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi esifanayo, khona-ke ucezu lobucwebe olubekwe nge-citrine ne-aquamarine luyoba olumangalisayo.UStraus wathi umbala onsomi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-tanzanite (otholakala eTanzania kuphela) wamfaka esimweni esingokomzwelo.
5. I-Howlite: Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi “i-turquoise emhlophe.”Le mineral chalky ine-porosity eyanele ukuthi ingadaywa ngeminye imibala.
7. I-Labradorite: I-Labradorite i-feldspar njenge-moonstone.Leli tshe lidume ngemibala yalo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, osawolintshi kanye nophuzi.
9. Itshe lenyanga: Lena enye yezimbiwa ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni.Yakhiwe nge-feldspar futhi ithola ukukhazimula komlingo kusuka kungqimba oluncane oluhlakaza ukukhanya.
Iringi yemizwa yaduma kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1970.Lezi zindandatho ezihlakaniphile zihlanganisa izingxenye ezingezwani nokushisa, njengekristalu ewuketshezi noma iphepha elishintsha umbala, futhi zihlotshiswe ngengilazi noma ngetshe.Umphumela uthakazelisa kakhulu, ucishe ufane ne-thermometer egqokekayo.
10. I-Morganite: itshe elinemibala ye-salmon evela emndenini we-emerald kanye ne-aquamarine beryl.Iqanjwe ngosozimali uJP Morgan.
11. I-Opal: Ngenxa ye-silica engaphakathi kwetshe, lawa matshe ayigugu angacwebezela ngayo yonke imibala ongayicabanga.
13. I-Tanzanite: Leli tshe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elimnyama latholwa ngo-1967 futhi laqanjwa nguTiffany & Co.
14. I-Tourmaline: Le minerali icwebezela ibe umumo weprism ongunxantathu, otholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene.Bheka i-watermelon tourmalines (epinki neluhlaza) futhi ujabulele ubumnandi basehlobo.
15. I-Turquoise: Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani i-turquoise ihlobene neNingizimu-ntshonalanga?Leli bhande letshe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lisabalale e-Arizona, California, New Mexico, ngisho naseNevada, ngenani elikhulu lenhlabathi.
16. I-Zircon: Le minerali eneminyaka eyizigidigidi-ayikwazi ukwenziwa ngephutha ne-synthetic gem cubic zirconia-isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ezinye izinto ezibonisa ngale zingabonakali.
Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe endaweni ayifanele kuphela izimakethe zabalimi.Ngaphezu kwe-gypsum eyisicefe kanye ne-limestone, imboni yezimayini yaseNevada nayo ikhiqiza amagugu ahlukahlukene athakazelisayo."Amanye ama-opals amnyama angcono kakhulu emhlabeni ambiwa esifundeni saseViking Valley ekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe," isazi se-PhD gemologist uHobart M. King sabhala esihlokweni se-Geology.com esithi "Nevada Gem Mining" Tao.
I-Opal yakhiwa ngemva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ezigidini zeminyaka edlule.Eqinisweni, leli igugu lesizwe elisemthethweni!Ngaphezu kwalokho, awekho amadiphozithi amaminerali emvelo angatholakala kwenye indawo e-United States.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwe-travelnevada.com, izwe lethu linezimayini eziluhlaza kakhulu e-United States.
Uma ungumuntu omusha, ungathola amagugu akho namaminerali lapha e-Nevada.Ngokusho kwe-Bureau of Land Management (BLM), elawula ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba osezindaweni zasemakhaya i-Nevada, “inyoka yenyoka” iyinani elifanele lezibonelo zamaminerali, amatshe, amatshe ayigugu, izinkuni eziboshiwe, nezinsalela zezilwane ezingenamgogodla.“???Lo msebenzi ngokuvamile ungenziwa emhlabeni womphakathi, kodwa sicela uthinte blm.gov/basic/rockhounding ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Uma ufuna ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini eqondisiwe eyengeziwe, sicela uvakashele i-Otteson Brothers Turquoise Mine (ottesonbrothersturquoise.com/mine-tours, $150-$300).Lolu hambo luhlanganisa nokumbiwa kwe-turquoise.Noma, uma ufuna, ungahlala ekhaya futhi ubukele umbukiso we-Amazon Prime mayelana nebhizinisi lomndeni i-Turquoise Fever.